If you always come back to life, and you remember your previous lives, is it really death? How is it really different from going to sleep?

Also, you asked 3 completely different and unrelated questions:

1. Why do drivers need admin permissions?
2. Why do devices only come with Windows drivers?
3. Why are corporate IT policies the way they are?

#3 could be broken down even further, covering how/when admin is granted, as well as how devices are procured.

At my (large) employer, we absolutely would’ve told you to pound sand for getting that device outside of official channels and bypassing a security review. Especially since you described it as a data logger.

Is there something technically forcing the privilege elevation to install a driver ?

Yes. With few exceptions, drivers need admin permissions to be installed. In part that’s because they need admin permissions to run, and malicious drivers have absolutely been exploited in the past.

Some hardware (e.g. mice, keyboards, storage) don’t need additional drivers to be installed, but that’s because the OS uses generic drivers, or has a whitelisted source (e.g. Windows Update)